The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.